Dispersants

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    Successful cementing relies on good mud removal, which is best achieved by pumping the cement slurry in turbulent flow. Dispersants control slurry rheology and help induce turbulence at low pumping rates. Dispersants also allow the water content of the cement to be lowered without making it difficult to pump.

    Basically, dispersants neutralize positive charges on cement particles, which would otherwise make them mutually attractive. They effectively break up aggregates into individual particles. At the right concentration, dispersants improve cement homogeneity and lower its permeability. However, an overdose of dispersants can produce a phase separation in the cement slurry that results in cement particles settling out of solution and the development of free water. The most common dispersants are sulfonates containing highly branched polymers. Polynapthalene sulfonate is the most widely used.